Tomatoes and Frogs

The mayapples, wildflower plants which grow in shady areas, have been emerging for several weeks. They are also called umbrella plants or Indian apples. Last week they were blooming, pictured above. The blossom is is unique and eye catching. I have never paid very close attention to them before. Mayapples are a good wildflower and a good choice for the shady areas of the yard.
The hummingbirds also started to buzz around last week and the wild columbines began to flower. Now, if the weather would start to cooperate; it has been cold, and rainy for weeks now after a really good spring start in April. We are lucky though, other areas have had some serious weather and numerous fatalities.

But even the frogs around here are tired of the weather and looking forward to warmr and sunnier days. Pictured is a male Green frog or Rana clamitans. A male green frog has a large tympanum (the large spot just down from the eye) which is larger than the eye. A female green frog has a smaller than the eye, or equal to the size of the eye tympanum. And than to BW for the information and corrections on this guy.

Tomatoes

According to the National Gardening Association, tomatoes are one of the top, favorite vegetables in North America. Potatoes and onions are also on the top ten list. Last year was a bad year for tomatoes and potatoes because of the late blight, an almost always fatal disease.

Last year the blight was introduced by several box stores, according to reports and spread quickly because of the rainy and cool weather; perfect conditions for a wild fire blight. This year, be sure to get rid of any potatoes which were missed over the fall and winter and begin to emerge. Underground, the late blight fungus can over-winter.

Tomato plants should have been cleaned out of the garden area in the fall and preferably burned if they had symptoms of the late blight. If some were missed, and the weather was cold, freezing and snowy, it is likely the blight spores did not survive. But to be sure collect the dead plants, do not till them under, or compost them; be cautious and burn them or place in a garbage and keep them in the hot sun before they can be disposed.

One good control measure against the late blight, as well as other tomato diseases, is mulch after the soil has warmed. Mulch helps to prevent disease spores in the soil from splashing up on the tomato leaves. Mulch, besides helping to control weeds, also retains moisture in the soil. Tomatoes need about an inch of rain (water) a week. If the tomatoes need to be watered, try soaking the soil rather than overhead watering.

Mulch also helps to prevent cracked tomatoes and blossom end rot. The mulch works to even out the moisture in the soil and both diseases are caused by irregular watering or soil moisture.

Tomato Tricks

Tomato seeds are easy to get started and the seedlings are money savers. It is cheaper to get a package of seeds rather than buying plants. Many times, the seedlings emerge in the compost pile and can be dug out and re-planted successfully. I am always amazed they survived the winter weather.
Naturally, if you had several different species (heirlooms), what the final result is will be a mystery until the end. Hybrid tomatoes are even a more foggy mystery. The seeds will not produce a plant anywhere close to the parent plant.

One day, a friend told me his method of successfully starting tomatoes. I tried it this year and so far so good. I planted excess seeds of a heirloom Brandywine which I have been growing for the ten or twelve years and saving the seeds.. The Brandywines, whose origins I have since lost, might be a late season tomato, usually the end of August, but for my taste are the best and the most abundant.

The seeds were planted in an old plastic flower box on April 15 and placed outside covered in a clear, heavy duty plastic garbage bag. April 15 is early for anything outside around here; it can snow, freeze and be cloudy and cool for days on end. It was like that this year and one night it froze hard; the outside temperature was 26 F. To grow good tomatoes is actually very simple.

But they are growing just fine, in fact, maybe too good because I'll need to transplant them since I basically threw the seeds on the soil and covered them with dirt/compost. Sunny windows can be used as well as the top of the refrigerator for easy sprouting, but for my money and space, outside in that old flower box seems to be working. We'll be tracking the progress throughout the season. They'll likely be planted in the garden on Memorial Weekend,well, weather permitting.

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Pests: Fake and Real

Dandelion
The dandelion is more than an obnoxious weed; it is, rather, an important wildflower, and not a pest at all. It is one of the first to bloom providing a much needed food source for the honey bees and other native pollinators. It is also one of the last to bloom as the season ends and winter is knocking on the front door. It is the last meal many pollinators have.

The honey bees have been loosing for the last couple years to a mysterious disease called Colony Collapse Disorder or CCD for short. Researchers still don't know what is causing this fatal disease which has wiped out countless hives. It could be the result of a mulitude factors including chemical sprays, a new invasive mite or fungus, or any combination of environmental factors.

At the same time, researchers have noticed a noticeable decline in native pollinators, mason bees for example and other pollinating insects. All of these pollinators are responsible for much of the food we eat. Some suggest that as much as every third bite of food we eat is the result of pollinators like the honey bees and native bees.

This has been a long hard winter for the honey bees in northwestern Pennsylvania, according to Charles Vorisek, the president of the Northwestern Pennsylvania Beekeepers Association. In a recent email (May 7), he told me that the thirty member association has lost 66 percent of the hives. That means that out of 471 hives, only 161 survived. Vorisek called that pitiful. And he is right, that is a serious drop and should concern home gardeners, larger farms and homeowners.

The pollinators are needed for many home vegetable crops particularly the vines such as cucumbers, squash, pumpkins and melons. The pollinators also help boost yields with carrots, broccoli, onions and they are needed for seed savers for such vegetables as leafy greens and lettuce. Tomatoes and peppers do much better when they are also pollinated by the bees.

According to the USDA, the dandelion is one of the healthiest foods around. It can be used in a variety of ways. Some prefer the roots, others the leaves, and some the flowers. It can be used in salads, soups and stews, brewed as a coffee or a tea, used to make wine or a rustic beer. For more on the health benefits of the dandelion, see this link. For more information on recipes, click this link.

Dandelions, as an early spring flower, are important for the pollinators like the honey bee and native bees. They are more important than a neatly manicured lawn which doesn't do much for the food we all eat. Some sprays and chemicals used in dandelion control are deadly to all insects good and bad; there is no reason for a scorched earth policy against this ancient herb/wildflower. Besides chemical sprays are a waste of money; guess what will return next year minus the insects?

Certainly, the dandelion grows where it shouldn't and where it is not wanted. There are natural controls, organic and natural sprays, and hand digging. Sometimes, mowing the lawn before the dandelion goes to seed helps, but the wildflower does have an ability to escape the mower blades, although frequent mowing does help. It helps to remove the seed heads before the seeds start to spread; cut the dandelion as it goes to seed. Those seeds go everywhere, ask any kid or remember when.

There is just no reason to kill everything just because of an early yellow flower. The dandelion is an imaginary pest, it is a good plant when under control.


Mosquito's :the Real Summer Pest

The ancient mosquito is probably summer's worst pest and a dangerous insect. They can transmit any number of very serious diseases, some of which can be fatal, to humans, pets and wildlife.

One of the first steps in getting rid of these things is to eliminate standing water in pots, pails, old tires, anything that holds water. The mosquito, and there are hundreds of different species, all need water to breed.

Other actions to take include planting plants which help to repel the mosquito. Click the above mosquito link for more plant information.

Okra - a pod with a dandelion-like reputation.

While not considered a pest but regarded as not edible by some and a highly regarded vegetable by others, it is a good garden plant. Okra can be used as a defensive garden weapon against the dreaded Japanese Beetle, click the okra link for more information.

I plant three every year. It is an attractive plant and besides I like it in stewed tomatoes and other dishes. They aren't even in the cold frame just yet. It has been miserable cold, windy and too rainy.

Wildlife

Some animals in the garden area are good, like the turtle pictured above. Snakes, toads, frogs and birds are also good. But then there are others which can be pests.
Unwanted animals from cats to possum's also like to tromp through vegetable and flower garden's; some can cause a lot of destruction. Read about my solution, which I sort of stumbled upon and had some fun writing. How to Keep Wildlife Out of the Garden.

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May: The Discovery Month

The Full Moon last week (April 28) brought a hard frost to the region for a couple nights. One of the names for the April moon is the Full Fish Moon. The next full moon is on May 27. The name had nothing to do with trout season opening; stocking trout is rather new. But see native trout below.
The upcoming May moon is called the Full Flower Moon.
It was called this long before flower shows, seed companies and garden centers. The woodlands are alive right now with dozens of wild flowers. The trout lilies were first, followed by the Mayapples and Jack in the Pulpit plants.
Mayapples are strange, almost tropical looking plants. They are also called Indian apples and the umbrella plant. They do produce a small fruit which looks like a yellow crabapple in late summer. They can be used when fully ripe in jellies, sauces, pies and to make a juice drink. Discover more about this unique plant and how it can be used, here.
Marsh marigolds are also blooming at about the same time as the mayapples. These bog plants last a long time, are hardy and attractive. They make a good choice to plant in wet areas.

Flowers, especially the brilliant annuals can, and perhaps should be, always included in the veggie garden. Annual flowers attract many good insects, some repel harmful insects, while others are good companion plants and help the veggies grow. Annual flowers and herbs are good to have and May is the perfect time to get them in the garden.
May is also a good time to plant and think about fall. A fall vegetable garden can help save money and extend the summer harvest. May is the time to get the soil ready for a late summer planting. Many cover crops can be planted now which help to enrich the soil. For more information on getting ready for a fall vegetable, see this article.
Sure warm weather is here or at least at the front door, thankfully, and so are some pesky insects, like mosquito which can be dangerous because of the diseases they can transmit. There are some effective natural controls and plants that can be used to thwart the insect. For more information on some good plants for mosquito, click on this article.

Native Trout

Trout season opened in many states over the last several weeks. In Pennsylvania, the opening day in the western parts of the state opened on April 17. Trout fishing is immensely popular in Pennsylvania and estimates indicate that about a million anglers went to streams and creeks.
Most went after stocked trout which are bred and raised in Pennsylvania fish hatcheries. However, the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission is beginning to promote more of the native trout. The agency is seeking to identify creeks and streams which have naturally reproducing trout.
Once a stream is designated as a wild trout stream, it can be fully protected under existing laws governing pollution and water inflows. The new attention to native, wild populations is partially linked to gas drilling in the Marcellus Shale beds.
The drilling has been blamed on several degraded streams and rivers in the state since discharged water, used in the drilling process has been dumped back on the ground surface. Millions of gallons of water are used in the drilling process to get the gas out of the ground. The new technologies used by the drilling operators promises to be a significant economic boom for many rural regions and have set up something of a conflict between the industry, anglers and environmentalists. It is a good issue to follow.
No one is claiming a Gulf of Mexico scenario but the potential for an environmental disaster remains high and the problem needs to be reasonably addressed. Here is a great link to further understand the current situation.

Trilliums


About the same times as the mayapples emerge, the trilliums begin to bloom. May has the best flower show around in woodland areas. The leeks are also in their prime.

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Trout Lily, Peepers, Leeks

Trout lilies are amazing woodland plants. These perennial plants are one of the first to appear in the early spring, often growing up through the snow. They can be identified by the brown spots on their leaves which look somewhat similar to the markings on a brown trout.
Te flowers, at least in this area, are a brilliant yellow. There are some species which do bloom white and others in shades of red. The flowers close at night; and they are not early risers the following day. The picture above was taken at almost 10:30 in the morning. Despite the brilliant April sunshine, they didn't open until then.
The trout lily slowly grows in colonies mainly by their underground root system, although each flower will have four seeds. They are usually found in woodlands in rich, loamy and moist soil in areas of deep shade when the leaves on the trees emerge.
According to some, the plants are edible and have some medicinal purposes. I'd be cautious, too many of them can induce vomiting.
The low growing trout lily, average height is about four inches, have a lot of possibilities for the home yard if there is a shady moist area. They can be purchased at garden supply centers. The native plants offer a great splash of color after the dull grays of winter.

For more information about the plant and an article I wrote at Associated Content here.

Ramps

Leeks or ramps, are also abundant in woodland areas and emerged the same days as the trout lily. Also called wild onions, the leek is a flavorful favorite among many people. They can be eaten raw or added as a spice to other dishes such as potato soup, ham and leeks, dips and pesto sauces.
Both the white bulb, stem and leaves can be used. Like the trout lily, leeks generally disappear shortly after blooming and are hard to find by mid-June
Right now is prime picking season in this neck of the woods.

Spring Peppers

The peeps awoke and began singing April 2nd – a sure sign that spring has arrived. It is always the best musical in town. According to some folklore, once the peeps sing, there will be three more cold snaps with snow. As of today we have had snow twice. If the wisdom is correct, one more blast of winter.

Phenology

Phenology is sort of a fancy word meaning observation. It is the study of the appearance of recurring biological phenomena and their relationship to the weather such as the trout lily, leeks and peepers.
Those observations or signs can be used as indicators that other activities can begin. Some of the phenological sages include: plant potatoes when the dandelions bloom, peas can be planted when the daffodils bloom (about the same time as the trout lily). Beets, carrots and lettuce can be planted when the lilacs leaf out. The observations can be used as a good indicator or a more natural guidepost.
Just a few thoughts as many get ready for yard work and vegetable gardens this spring.






Spring Improvement


Behind the veggie garden is the Frog Bog – actually a small minnow pond with Rosy Red minnows and a lot of frogs and salamanders, and some nice looking water lilies. The old bridge collapsed during a heavy snowfall and a more elaborate one is in the process.
The new bridge will include a wooden deck area. It has sort of developed into a rural neighborhood project and is built with a lot of this and that from neighbors and from some dedicated help. Eventually, there will be an attached cold frame (hopefully). It's a nice spot just to kick back and watch and maybe have a beer or two.

Koyote Hill has been a little late due to some computer probs. But hopefully, all is well. I think everything is basically up and running. Click on some ads if something catches your eye, it sure helps.




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March: Clocks, Cougars, Potting Soil and Bats

Spring has Sprung!

Last week, the geese were back, honking and the next day the black starlings, sure signs that winter is about to flee. The days have been cool with bright sunshine, followed by nighttime temperatures in the teens, a sign the time has arrived to practice the ancient art of maple syrup making. Buckets were hung in many woodlands this past weekend.
If your in the northwest Pennsylvania region on March 20th and 21st, be sure to check out the Taste and Tour open house at dozens of maple sugar shacks throughout the region. It is fascinating - and lot of history; watch some amazing old-time skills and enjoy good tasting natural products. It is free and the price of products usually very inexpensive compared even to large discount chains. For more info on the Taste and Tour Open House, click here.

A few other dates to keep in mind:
1.Johnny Appleseed Day is March 11
2.March 14 -Daylight Savings Time begins! Established originally during World War I and then again re-established during World War ll to conserve energy and it has been observed ever since. Longer hours of daylight at the end of the day are sort of nice but not too sure how much “energy” is actually saved.
3.March 20th First Day of Spring.
4.March 29th – Full Worm Moon also called the Full Sap Moon.


Potting Soil and Seedlings


With sunny days and warmer than zero wind chill factors, a lot of people are thinking veggie gardens and starting their own plants. The biggest expense is potting soil, hands down. However, there have been generations of gardeners who never had the expensive convenience and who grew some pretty darn nice gardens.
There is no secret to making your own potting soil with most of the material readily available. Spring is a good time to start for next year if you don't already have a compost pile. Good mature compost is essential as is well rotten sawdust or leaves and a handful or two of sand.
It does help to pasteurize your homemade potting soil to kill bad bacteria which can harm tender seedlings. This can be done easily by placing the homemade potting soil in a black plastic bag in the sun or under glass (as in a cold frame or primitive solar panel). The soil mixture should be heated, according to many garden writers, to about 160 degrees for a half hour or so.
This piece on “How to Make Your Own Potting Soil”, is a good start but there are others as well. The advantages of making your own potting soil are numerous. It is by far more eco-friendly than using commercial mixes and some mixes do contain harmful chemicals. If the compost and the soil used in the mixture are also from the veggie garden, the plants right from the get go are adjusted to the soil and nutrients available. For those who have container gardens or houseplants, the homemade mix saves considerable amounts of money and ensures some pretty healthy plants.
Potting soil was made for hundreds of years before the packaged mixes. It takes a little time, perhaps some experimentation, but the end result will be more success and makes for a great family project.

The Bats

Colony Collapse Disorder, or CCD, is a mysterious and serious problem with honey bee colonies throughout North America. Currently, another mysterious disease is impacting the bats particularly in eastern sections of North America. The disease, an unknown white fungus, has killed thousands of bats during hibernation.
Bats are really very beneficial and eat literally thousands of bugs during the night. Without the large colonies of bats, a buggy year can be expected; many of the insects are not only common pests and disease carriers, they can damage our forests and woodlands if left unchecked.
Halloween and vampire stuff aside, the bats are needed in the environment. The Pittsburgh Post Gazette had a good run down on the problem this past Sunday.

Cougars

Maybe it is the end of the winter blues but there have been some rumors about cougar sightings in this neighborhood in the last several weeks. Naturally, according to the rumors, the Pennsylvania Game Commission is stocking the animals to control the coyote population, which they also introduced to control the deer herds.
Good Grief! There was once a rumor the Game Commission stocked rattle snakes to control the turkey population!
The latest sightings have ZERO evidence to back up the claims despite the heavy snow cover and despite the fact that even a 1 pound squirrel leaves tracks in the snow.
Now, there are likely some animals out there that few people have seen or heard, and yes, there might even be a cougar or two – somewhere. But 99.9 percent of these stories don't hold water.
Certainly, there are coyotes. They were howling last night for the first time in quite a few months. If the truth be known, it is doubtful they do as much damage as some say.
There is a lot of complete nonsense every now. Thanks BW for the nice photo of the house cat getting ready for a free meal.

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Enjoy While It Lasts; it is almost over

As February continues it's slide into history, cabin fever is rampant. While the months have seemed to zip by, it has been a relentless winter, storm followed by storm and continued cold weather. And the wood pile getting low.
But looking at some photo's from last year, brought hope. The first peeps in 2009 began to sing on March 15th about the same time the first robins were sighted. Last year the weather seemed to warm somewhat earlier than usual; the peeps are generally out and singing sometime during the last week of March.

Weather folklore claims that once the peeps sing, there will be three more cold snaps with at least some snow. I've never kept real accurate records to test that one out but it seems about right. There is a similar folklore about daffodils. Once they open, there will be three more cold snaps with snow and then winter is gone. What weather folklores do you follow announcing the arrival of spring?

March 15th is actually hardly three weeks away. The wild leeks covered the woodlands less than three weeks after the peeps started singing. The picture of the leeks was dated April 3rd, 2009.
The appearance of the wild leeks was soon covered by what was recorded as the second peep snow on April 7th.
What it all means is that winter is on the downside and spring is near.

Late Winter to do List:


There are likely only a few weeks left when it will be good to trim berry bushes, such as blueberries and fruit trees. Pruning helps to improve the quantity and quality of the fruits and berries and helps to improve the bush or tree. Blueberries in particular do better after a pruning.
One of the symptoms of cabin fever are paging through seed catalogs. This helps with the late winter chore of making sure the garden plan and seeds are in order.
Depending on local conditions, seeds can be started indoors. Peppers are a good choice to start early, they seem to take a long time to germinate and grow. Tomatoes, on the other hand, grow like weeds and can get to leggy if started too early, even if given a lot of light.

First Crops

Snow peas are a good choice for the first spring planting. The are tasty, healthy and can take a beating from cold weather. The one thing to be careful of when planting snow peas is the wet soil conditions. Like most veggies, snow peas don't like sitting around in water. Try to mound or drain the moisture away from the snow peas; powdery mildew and root rot can be problems in soggy soil areas.
Snow peas are a legume; they produce their own fertilizer and add important nutrients back into the ground. Depending on location and weather, now peas can be harvested in mid-May and the ground used for another crop, either a vegetable or a cover crop.
Snow peas are generally climbers and need a fence or trellis; a hanging basket might be a possibility. Some have attractive flowers which provide food for many early insects and birds.
Snow peas are healthy and an excellent source of vitamins A and C and a generally given high ranking as a food good for the heart. They are commonly found in health food stores and can be quite expensive even in supermarkets.
Snow peas are sweet and flavorful and can be used in a number of culinary experiments. They go well steamed and added to early spring potatoes with some leeks thrown in to the batch.
Snow peas are a good choice for an early spring crop; they can take a frost, even some snow, are rapid growers and produce plenty of edible pods. It's a nice gift or a good way to make some extra cash.

Winter: Enjoy What is Left


The ice fishing has been really good for the last several weeks and the snowshoeing has been excellent as well as the conditions for many other winter activities. It is not going to last so enjoy the fun, even a good snowball fight, while there is still time.

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French Creek Pete to Make Prediction

French Creek Pete

The esteemed weather seer, French Creek Pete will appear and make a prediction about winter on February 30th at an undisclosed location. There will be no suspense since we already know winter will be leaving one of these days.
So Pete's 100% accurate. Sure Punxsutawney Phil is better known, but he saw his shadow as did three other popular groundhogs. But three different groundhogs did not see their shadow meaning winter is over.
Pay attention to Pete, he is always right, winter will end sometime.
With winter's ultimate demise in the somewhat foreseeable future, vegetable gardens, yard work and yard improvements are more common thoughts, wishes and hopes.
A vegetable garden can provide a lot of good, healthy food. Done properly, a vegetable garden can also save a lot of money.
A vegetable garden properly planned can also make some money even after the bounty has been shared with neighbors, friends or donated to food banks. Perennial vegetables offer a great opportunity to make some extra cash.
Asparagus is one good example. Once planted and established, an asparagus bed can last for decades and keeps on producing with just a little maintenance work every year. Asparagus is an easy crop but it normally has a three year year waiting period until asparagus can be fully harvested.
Good quality asparagus sells for top dollar even when it is on sale at supermarkets. It is a good vegetable to consider as a source of income; it takes little space, continues to produce for decades and is a popular veggie. Horseradish is another good choice for a little extra income as is rhubarb. For more ideas on a little extra income, click here.
And while we are waiting for French Creek Pete and a likely six more weeks or so of cold weather, it is a good time to plan what to plant this year. This link provides an interesting tool for home vegetable growers.
I've been fiddling with it for a week or so and it has some possibilities and some limitations. But the link is worth a look. Also be sure to view Dan's Blog below, Urban Veggie. He has a review of Soggy Creek Seed Seed Company.

Tomatoes and Companion Plantings


With spring approaching, hopefully, visions of fresh garden tomatoes are moving out of the day-dream stage. Next month is a good time to start seedlings, depending on regional climates. Hopefully, the late blight stays away this year and the growing conditions will be better than last year.
Consider planting the heirlooms this year; they are proven winners and certainly for many are the most flavorful. The seeds from heirlooms can be saved for next year, something not possible with the seeds from many hybrids.
There are companion plants which can be planted with tomatoes which many gardeners believe helps them to grow, taste better, and help to protect the tomatoes from a variety of pests. Borage is one.
Borage, also known as the bee plant, is believed by many to improve the flavor of tomatoes. One thing is certain though, it does attract bees, a lot of bees and it is an unusual and attractive plant with blue to purple flowers.
Some other possible good plants to have near the tomatoes would be:asparagus, basil, beans, calendula, cosmos, nasturtiums, peas and sage.
Tomatoes don't get along too well with cabbages, corn, eggplants, peppers, and potatoes.

Presidents' Day


February 15th is Presidents' Day this year; some might call I Crooks' and Liars' Day but whatever. But it is a national holiday set aside for huge sales in department stores and, well, a day set aside to remember our leaders.
Seriously though, it should be a day with some reflection on those who have helped to make the nation what we enjoy today. Here is a story about George Washington's early days before he became a revolutionary and the leader of the revolt. There is more about this person than just wooden teeth which didn't fit right all the time.
Since a lot of people will be stuck inside this weekend due to snowstorms and blizzards, it might be opportune time to refresh or catch up on some colorful early American history. Or think about planting an Oak Tree, the designated national tree, for more information, here is the link.
If the snow and weather are really horrible this weekend, here's the story of Old Mossback and the LeBoeuf Creeper. These events are within sight of where Washington once visited. Besides, French Creek Pete, spring and a vegetable garden, it's time to dream of fishing.

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Kathleen is learning tolerance.

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Dan reviews Soggy Creek Seed. Company this week. Fascinating post.

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